NRC IN MEMORIAM / NECROLOGIE Maksym Kryvtsov (1990-2024) | Oekraïense dichter - Oorlogsdichter in de Oekraïense loopgraven

Oorlogsdichter in de Oekraïense loopgraven Maksym Kryvtsov (1990-2024). Dit was zijn laatste gedicht... https://t.co/s7IVmhKlRO

— Aart Dekker (@AartDekker) January 15, 2024

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FRAGMENT:

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In hetzelfde interview (het staat hieronder) uit mei 2023, toont de gelovige Kryvtsov zich bespiegelend en bescheiden, iemand met vragen in plaats van antwoorden. Het is niet moeilijk voor te stellen dat deze vriendelijk ogende man het lot van zijn medestrijders in de loopgraven kon verlichten. De vragensteller maakt het expliciet, maar vangt natuurlijk bot. Vraag: „Met jouw uiterlijk en je manier van spreken en denken lijk je op een filosoof of apostel. Past de aard van de strijder bij wie je werkelijk bent?” Kryvtsov: „Ik weet niet wat echt bij mij past. Ik denk dat ik helemaal niets weet. Maar er valt ook niets te weten. Je moet gewoon. Het gaat over zijn of niet zijn, ademen of niet ademen. Daarom ben ik in deze oorlog.”....

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Met dank aan de Necrologie van NRC:

Oorlogsdichter in de Oekraïense loopgraven

necrologie

Maksym Kryvtsov (1990-2024) | Oekraïense dichter

Oekraïner Maksym Kryvtsov was een dichter aan het front. Hij schreef over de oorlog, gevoed door zijn eigen ervaringen, met een zekere lichtheid en relativering. Zondag werd hij gedood.

• Auteurs Mark Duursma

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• Gepubliceerd op 8 januari 2024 (Originele artikel   ---  Hier  ---)

In zijn laatste bericht op Facebook nodigde Maksym Kryvtsov, dichter en soldaat, zijn volgers uit voor een spelletje over zijn gedichten. Hij waarschuwde ze wel: „90 procent van mijn gedichten gaat over de dood.”

Zo ook het gedicht dat Kryvtsov twee dagen voor zijn dood schreef. Daarin beschrijft de ik-persoon hoe zijn lichaam zal vergaan na zijn dood. Hoe zijn bloed „de wereld een nieuw rood zal kleuren / Pantone menselijk bloed”. Nieuwe rekruten zullen zijn spullen en kleren ontvangen. De slotregels: „Was het maar vast lente / Om eindelijk als viooltje te bloeien”.

Zondag maakte Nadia Kryvtsova op Facebook bekend dat haar zoon Maksym, 33 jaar oud, was gesneuveld in de strijd tegen de Russische bezetter. „Mijn liefste zoon zal groeien met de viooltjes... O mijn God”, scheef ze onder zijn laatste bericht. De precieze toedracht en locatie van zijn overlijden zijn onbekend. De rode kat die Kryvtsov op veel foto’s vanuit de loopgraven vergezelt, kwam ook om.

Maksym Kryvtsov, geboren op 22 januari 1990, groeide op in zijn geboorteplaats Rivne, in het noordwesten van Oekraïne. Hij volgde een opleiding aan de lokale school voor technologie en design en zette dat voort aan de universiteit in Kyiv, met schoeisel en producten van leer als specialisatie. Eind 2013 en begin 2014 nam hij deel aan de pro-Europese Maidanrevolutie in Kyiv.

in slotregels gedichtMaksym Kryvtsov Was het maar vast lente / Om eindelijk als viooltje te bloeien

Na de Russische invasie van 2014 meldde hij zich aan bij het vrijwilligerscorps van een rechts-nationalistische partij en vocht hij een jaar lang mee in de Donbas. Na een korte pauze ging hij opnieuw naar het front, nu bij de Nationale Garde. Vanaf 2019 was hij actief voor veteranenorganisaties en zette hij zich in voor Gestreepte Wasberen, een organisatie die jeugdkampen organiseert met Oekraïens patriottisme. Na de nieuwe Russische invasie, bijna twee jaar geleden, meldde Kryvtsov zich bij de nationale strijdkrachten.

Beste boeken van 2023

Dichten deed Kryvtsov al sinds zijn jeugd. Veel van zijn werk verscheen in bloemlezingen, zijn eerste bundel Gedichten uit het schietgat (Virshi z biynytsi) werd vorig jaar gepubliceerd. Op een foto van vlak voor zijn dood leest -Kryvtsov aan het front in die bundel terwijl hij een hond aait. Hij was een war poet; zijn gedichten gaan over oorlog en dood, maar bevatten ook een zekere lichtheid en relativering. Retoriek was hem vreemd. ‘Gedichten uit een schietgat’ werd vorige maand door schrijversorganisatie PEN Oekraïne opgenomen in de lijst van beste Oekraïense boeken van 2023 – al is die lijst met 179 titels totaal en zeventien dichtbundels behoorlijk lang.

Collega-schrijver Ljoebko Deresj noemt Kryvtsov „een zeer levendig, geestig en extreem getalenteerd persoon”. Ook andere bekenden van Kryvtsov roemen in afscheidsberichten op X zijn gevoel voor humor. Literatuur was belangrijk voor hem, met name klassiekers over oorlog als For whom the bell tolls van Hemingway en Slaughterhouse-Five van Vonnegut. Twee zinnen uit dat laatste boek stonden getatoeëerd op zijn arm. In een interview noemde hij de Noorse schilder Edvard Munch als de kunstenaar die het fenomeen oorlog het best weergeeft. Dat een andere schilder hem zijn roepnaam ‘Dali’ gaf is toeval. „Iemand vroeg of ik een roepnaam had en ik liet toen net mijn snor groeien om hem om te kunnen krullen, dus ik dacht aan Dalí.”

In hetzelfde interview (het staat hieronder) uit mei 2023, toont de gelovige Kryvtsov zich bespiegelend en bescheiden, iemand met vragen in plaats van antwoorden. Het is niet moeilijk voor te stellen dat deze vriendelijk ogende man het lot van zijn medestrijders in de loopgraven kon verlichten. De vragensteller maakt het expliciet, maar vangt natuurlijk bot. Vraag: „Met jouw uiterlijk en je manier van spreken en denken lijk je op een filosoof of apostel. Past de aard van de strijder bij wie je werkelijk bent?” Kryvtsov: „Ik weet niet wat echt bij mij past. Ik denk dat ik helemaal niets weet. Maar er valt ook niets te weten. Je moet gewoon. Het gaat over zijn of niet zijn, ademen of niet ademen. Daarom ben ik in deze oorlog.”

Lees ook dit interview met schrijver Olesya Khromeychuk

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Het Oekraïnse 'chytomo.com' maakte in mei 2023 een lang interview: 'Maksym-kryvtsov-i-had-a-fearsome-dream-to-walk-around-kyiv-with-a-rifle-in-my-hands'

Russian-Ukrainian War

Echoes from the frontline: Maksym Kryvtsov on war, poetry, and why Ukrainian youth give him hope

23.05.2023

 

 

Natalya Korniyenko

Editor’s note: Maksym Kryvtsov, a Ukrainian poet turned soldier, was recently killed by Russia forces at the front. Chytomo interviewed him in 2023, and we are sharing the article now. 

 

 

Kryvtsov’s poetic sensibilities and humor,  interwoven with his experiences on the front lines, offer a rare, and deeply human glimpse into realities of Russia’s war against Ukraine, as well as the enduring power of the Revolution of Dignity. His latest book is being reprinted, with proceeds going to support his family and book projects for service members. International shipping is available, details here. 

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Maksym Kryvtsov, a poet who participated in the Revolution of Dignity, enlisted in 2014 after Russia invaded. Later, after returning to civilian life, he worked to help veterans reintegrate into society, and also enjoyed working as an instructor at a children’s camp.

 

Following Russia’s full scale invasion, he returned to the frontline. For the next thirteen months, he did not spent a single day alone. As Maksym admitted in our interview, he misses those moments of solitude.

 

As part of the project “Words and Bullets”, produced by Chytomo and PEN Ukraine, we asked Maksym about the changes he’s observed over these nine years of war, the greatest challenges faced by the military, his perspective on young Ukrainians and his thoughts on the role of God in war.

 

– In 2014, you joined the Ukrainian Volunteer Corps as a volunteer. Did you realize back then that this war would last many years and that first stage would grow into full-scale invasion?

 I realized nothing back then. Everything around me was new — people, smells, sounds. The ruins, the wounded, the weapons. It was like I needed to chew the same gum for a long time. I was haunted by a terrifying dream, frequently revisiting it in my sleep: roaming around Kyiv with a rifle in my hands, and waiting for my metro stop with a weapon on my knees. I am one of those dreadful people who said the war must come to the streets as a blaze, so others could understand what was actually going on. But I came to regret those thoughts on the morning of Feb. 24.

 

– You have a poem:

Once upon a time

in spring of 2014

I fell asleep

and didn’t wake for a couple of years

my dreams were covered in snow and so cold

just like palms of a dead near Izyum

I think I didn’t wake up

fell asleep in this long

as a mature black-snake

dream

 

– What has changed over these nine years of the war: in ourselves, our state, the army, and your perception of the war?

In these nine years, the Earth orbited the Sun nine times, birds have migrated to warmer regions and returned  nine times, leaves fell down and trees formed  buds nine times. Many things changed over these nine years.

 

As to social processes, after 2014 an engine of a train named “Ukraine” was started. There started to emerge discussions of the importance of the language, culture and so on. In cinemas, you could watch movies not only with Dwayne “Rock” Johnson, but also with many Ukrainian actors. Discovering such initiatives as БУР (BUR, “Building Ukraine Together”, youth non-governmental organization), УАЛ (UAL, “Ukrainian Leadership Academy”, platform for youth) was truly heartening. New communities of people formed, united by the desire to do something good and take responsibility. 

 photo courtesy of Maksym Kryvtsov

 

And it is breathtaking to witness how everything Ukrainian,  which was previously suppressed, is emerging at the surface today. Ivasyuk (Volodymyr Ivasyuk, Ukrainian singer), “Smerichka” (ensemble), folk clothes, forgotten movies… At the same time I fear the a regression— similar to what happened after the 1990s.

– You mentioned Ukrainian youth. How would you characterize them? What defines the next generation of Ukrainians?

They are remarkable — strong, open, talented, and inspired. There will be, of course, some inner contradictions and dialogues. Processes of adjusting, changing, and defining will occur. But these vital cells of the country will be flowing, bringing oxygen to its tender heart every day. We only need to win.

Read also: Petro Yatsenko: The heart of Mariupol is definitely alive

– What is war? How do you see it

I think the war is a kind of micellar water that washes cosmetics off: from a face, streets, plans and behaviors. It’s like a hoe cutting through sagebrush, leaving a bitter aftertaste of irreversibility. In war, you become your true self, no need to play a role. You are simply a human, one of billions who ever lived on the Earth, sharing the commonality of breath.

There’s no time for love at war. It lies next abandoned next to a trash pile and disappears like a grandfather in a fog, lost somewhere behind behind this summer’s unharvested sunflower fields of a heart.

– What aspects of war astound you the most? What do you find particularly challenging?

War is awful, absurd and very illogical. Yet, it is one of the forces that starts over and over again.

Imagine sitting in a vulnerable spot,  unable to move because the enemy is so close and your fortification are not quite strong enough, when   suddenly your fellow solider says: “Look, a hoopoe is eating a cabbageworm.” That’s a bird and a beetle (laughing). People who met us with applause in Balaklia (Editor’s note: Ukrainians town liberated during the Kharkiv counter offensive in 2022) astounded me. It was one of the best days of my life.

The most challenging part? Falling asleep, and grabbling with the horrors that might lie ahead…

photo courtesy of Maksym Kryvtsov

– With your appearance, the way you articulate your thoughts, you come across more like a philosopher or a spiritual leader. Do you feel that the warrior’s role is truly reflective of who you are?

I’m not sure what resonates closely with me. In fact, I think I know very little. But perhaps there isn’t much to know. It’s about existing or not, breathing or being breathless. That’s why I am at war

– What traits of your character help you at your service?

 Calmness, maybe. Feeling of responsibility, sometimes, a bit of experience. The most important thing at war is to understand what you’re doing here. I think that a kind of naivety, childish wonder, weirdness, helps me at war. In the face of danger, I usually smile a lot and wait for adventures. It perhaps makes it easier to process things, I think. 

– Your call sign is Dali? What is the story behind it?

It’s quite straightforward. Someone asked me what my call sign is. I haven’t thought about it before, so I didn’t choose anything special. But then I grew a mustache and curled it just as Salvador Dali did. And so the call sign presented itself, much like an eager student (laughs).

– You are 33 now. Many call it “the age of Jesus Christ.” Do you feel somewhat special at that age?

I seldom remember my age. Here, days, dates, even months blend together. There’s no age, no time here. The important thing  is what happens at the end.

– You are a man of faith. What does your faith give you at this time?

I do not understand God. Like at all. I don’t know why he is protecting me, or what for.

Sometimes we have quarrels about religion in our division. I try to intercede for someone who, for some reason, still intercedes for me. I wear a cross on my neck, woven from red and black paracord.

– Do you pray? How does your prayer sound?

My prayers vary. Sometimes they’re traditional, other times they’re my own creation. At times I ask, at times I debate. It’s always different.

– In one of your previous interviews you mentioned that God is present at war, likening Him to “charging a machine gun.” Where and in what actions do you find God in such a setting?”

God is most often found in moments of silence. He is the water we carry on missions, which never seems to be enough. There was a time we nearly resorted to drinking from a puddle. He’s in the protein bar you eat while waiting in a trench for the shooting to stop. He’s present in the black, dry sunflowers that offer almost enough cover. But above all, God is in the act of returning.

–Can you tell us about your fellow solders?

They are the finest people in the world. Sometimes I take pictures of them, sometimes I write about them.

I met Kuznets in 2014, during a military exercise. While others crowded for stew and tea, he donned his chest protector and squatted alone, a figure of strength, intelligence, and calm. He grew irritated when discussions about the enemy or the ‘inner workings of the war’ interrupted his work. He believed in God, and God believed in him. He once showed me a stunning church in the Dnipropetrovsk region, adorned with blue peacocks and lakes, offering marshmallows at oblation, with a red-and-black flag greeting visitors. I left the base of the Ukrainian Volunteer Corps in the autumn of 2015.

photo courtesy of Maksym Kryvtsov

 

I reunited with Kuznets near Zaporizhzhia in April this year. By then, he had become a skilled paratrooper, proficient in spotting for guns and operating Leleka spy drones.

Because Kuznets had faith in God, and God had faith in him, I know and have faith that he’s now next to Saint Peter, smiling down at us. I believe he watches over the earth through the eyes of birds,  and says who needs to be saved and where.

– Referring to your poetry, what will grow on “a field of memory, cropped with corn of sadness?” 

Popcorn (laughing). Sometimes, I write things and later struggle to understand them myself. 

But truly, the corn of sadness will remain just that — corn of sadness. The real challenge happens later — to gather it, grind and bake bread.

– Could you share some insights about the world that currently surrounds you? What elements are a part of it

Not long ago, I complained that over these thirteen months, I haven’t had a single day alone. That solitude is something I miss in the midst of war.

Our commander has a dog named Jango, who’s been with us since he was two months old, a little ‘froggy.’ He’s accompanied us to all our rotations, all the cities. When he was smaller, we would carry him to the cellar during shootings. There were bets on whether he’d make it to September. But he’s still here, causing mischief. Just the other day, he scattered some rubbish around the house (laughs).

We moved many times over these thirteen months. It is always interesting to explore new buildings where you live for some time: what books and photos there are. The funniest thing is to live in collaborators’ flats. A woman, collaborator, for example, had all the shelves in her apartment filled with soaps, shampoos and cotton wool sticks from various hotels. And she, by the way, was the owner of a pretty huge agro business. It is fascinating to observe these details. Another took everything important, but forgot her notebook in the basement, and it was full of very useful info. She worked as a Russian passport service assistant. I ate all the “Red Poppy” chocolates she had in her fridge (laughs).

– By the way, there’s a lot of references to food in your texts. What does this mean to you?

Please, cut the part with candies out, man (laughs). I didn’t realize my poetry had so many food references. Well, maybe it’s because food is something one understands: it has a smell, and form. I’m not entirely sure. 

Food is about something good. About childhood. And it’s about God.

photo courtesy of Maksym Kryvtsov

– Your poetry is very delicate, touching, almost fragile to the point of seeming like it could shatter with one careless flick. What does this represent for you: a tightrope walk, pain, joy, catharsis?

In fact, I find joy in crafting short stories about people. Especially if they manage to go through all of this. As strange as it may seem, in today’s context, the greatest achievement seems to be simply surviving.

In this war, each person carries a unique, extraordinary story. They’re filled with distinct sounds, voices, and dreams. Some have spent their lives building a house, others became shift managers at poultry farms, some cherished reading thick books, while others collected fallen leaves and chestnuts. A person, to me, is a story.

– ​​”Your upcoming collection is titled ‘Verses from the Embrasure.’ An embrasure being a narrow opening in a defensive wall or a trench for firing through. If there had been no war, would you still write? What would your verses be about?

I wrote before the war, too. Back then, my verses were strange and simple. Now, I’m beginning to understand what I desire in my poetry: colors, scents, emotions, things both forgotten and recognized.

– Do you read your colleagues’ texts? What authors of modern Ukrainian war literature do you feel?

I appreciate the poetry of Valeriy Puzik, Yaryna Chornohuz, and Olena Herasymyuk. In prose, I’m drawn to ‘Point of No Return’ by Dmytro Verbych

 

RELATED: interviews with Valeriy Puzik and Yaryna Chornohuz

 

– Which internationally recognized artists do you think have best captured the essence of war?

Edvard Munch, through his series of paintings ‘The Scream,’ brilliantly conveyed it

I absolutely love the movies “Apocalypse Now” and “Taxi Driver.” When I come to have a rest for two-three days, I feel like Robert de Niro’s character. I am among other people, but at the same time I’m far away from everything. I’m an observer. My job is to be an observer of the world.

photo courtesy of Maksym Kryvtsov

I started reading “For Whom The Bell Tolls” at the beginning of April 2022. The main hero was to blow up the bridge, and it was April. And I felt it so deep. Especially knowing the fact that being at war you can live a whole life in two days. “Slaughterhouse 5” is great, too. I have even tattooed two phrases from the book on my forearm. The Psalms, incidentally, speak volumes about war, or more precisely, about individual battles.

For about a month, I’ve been listening to ‘Badass’ by Chartsyzy. I hope to have the strength to face death with a smile, as if it’s merely the end of a story.

– Your texts often incorporate religious motifs and narratives. Do you consider religion an integral part of the human experience?”

I think we are all cowards. We are afraid of ourselves, afraid of loneliness. So there’s always a need for someone you can turn to and who will accept you as you are.

– So, religion is about fear? What else?

About loneliness. About silence. About nature. About communion. About dialogue. About search: constant inner Google. About voice. About rain. About freshly baked pies with poppy seeds. About childhood and playing hide and seek in the attic. About different things.

– What will remain on Earth, if people disappear from it?

 Calmness.

 

Words and Bullets is the special project by Chytomo and PEN Ukraine about Ukrainian writers and journalists that joined the army or started volunteering when Russia invaded Ukraine in February this year. The name of the media project symbolizes the weapon used by the heroes and heroines of the project before Feb. 24, which they were forced to take up after the outbreak of a full-scale war with Russia. The special project is being implemented with the support of the National Endowment for Democracy (NED).

 

Translated by Iryna Savyuk

Edited by Jared Goyette